This book presents a comprehensive overview of oral cancer, a significant health concern particularly in developing countries such as India. Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease influenced by a complex interplay of molecular, environmental, and genetic factors. In addition to these well-established contributors, emerging research has highlighted the pivotal role of the oral microbiome in the development and progression of the disease. This volume explores recent scientific advances that shed light on how alterations in the normal microbial community of the oral cavity can contribute to carcinogenesis. By integrating insights from molecular biology, genetics, and microbiology, the book offers an in-depth review of current knowledge and potential avenues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. It is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in understanding the intricate mechanisms driving oral cancer and the emerging role of the oral microbiome.