Agriculture in India faces a dual reality of significant advancements and persistent challenges, especially for smallholders, women, and tribal farmers. Strengthening Agricultural Extension and Advisory Systems in India addresses the urgent need to revitalize extension services to meet the complex demands of the 21st century. The book offers a comprehensive, evidence-based roadmap for creating decentralized, inclusive, climate-smart, and digitally empowered advisory systems. It combines institutional analysis, policy insights, case studies, and thematic explorations-ranging from digital tools to public–private partnerships and participatory planning. Designed for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers, the volume also provides practical instruments such as SWOT templates, SREP formats, and PRA guidelines. Grounded in real-world field experiences and shaped by diverse stakeholders, the book emphasizes the evolving role of extension as a driver of behavioural change, ecological resilience, and rural transformation. It aspires to be both a conceptual guide and a practical manual for advancing India's agricultural future.