The book Assessment of Agricultural Sustainability: An Indexing Approach investigates the multidimensional aspects of sustainable agricultural development with a focus on Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. By employing a novel Sustainable Agricultural Index (SAI) derived from ecological, economic, and social indices, the study evaluates agricultural sustainability at block and household levels. The methodology incorporates primary and secondary data to assess ecological balance, economic efficiency, and social equity. Findings reveal critical indicators impacting sustainability, including population density, land use, irrigation, and sustainable agricultural practices. This work not only highlights regional disparities but also offers actionable recommendations for achieving sustainable agricultural development in alignment with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).