An ideal endodontic treatment should meet the requirements of effectively cleaning and shaping the root canal system. This is significantly influenced by the choice and effectiveness of the endodontic instruments used during the procedure. Instrumentation plays a key role in the treatment strategy to eliminate microorganisms in the root canal system. It effectively removes a sufficient number of organisms from the exposed areas of the primary root canal through direct mechanical cleaning action. Additionally, the use of instrumentation is crucial in facilitating effective irrigation to remove debris and bacteria from hard-to-reach areas of the root canal system. Although hand instruments were very effective, they were more tedious compared to rotational instrumentation. The importance of chemo-mechanical preparation is well appreciated, which is why researchers have focused on achieving both technical and biological objectives in pulp therapy. Over the last two decades, the evolution of manual and mechanized instruments has contributed to improving the success and predictability of endodontic treatment. Endodontic instruments are essential for ensuring the success of endodontic treatment, from the initial preparation of the access cavity to the final obturation of the root canal space. It has been determined that the most suitable canal shape for filling with gutta-percha and sealer is a funnel shape that tapers continuously, with the smallest diameter at the end point and the largest at the orifice.
